Medieval Unicode Font Initiative
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MUFI proposal for coordinated usage of the Private Use Area Ed. by Odd Einar Haugen, University of Bergen, Norway Version 1.0 beta (30 September 2003)
Contents
Background & contributors The present proposal is a major revision and extension of two proposals published on the MUFI web site: A
proposal for subranges within the Private Use Area
of Unicode
(15 June 2002) These proposal received a number of helpful comments from (in alphabetical order) Jim Allan (U.S.), Deborah W. Anderson (Berkely, CA), Peter S. Baker (Charlottesville, VA), Michael Beddow (Leeds), António H.A. Emiliano (Lisboa), Michael Everson (Dublin), Jost Gippert (Frankfurt), Juan-José G. Marcos (Plasencia, Spain), Susana T. Pedro (Lisboa), David J. Perry (Rye, NY), Gerhard Schumacher (Köln), Ken Whistler (Unicode consortium), and several other Unicode officers. The present proposal is the result of a meeting held in Bergen, Norway, 30-31 August 2003. Participants at this meeting were Odd Einar Haugen (Bergen), Michael Everson (Dublin), Michael Irlenbusch (Bergen), Alec McAllister (Leeds), Gerhard Schumacher (Köln), and Tarrin Wills (Sydney). This proposal was published 8 September 2003 on the MUFI site for review and has been discussed electronically within the MUFI group in the ensuing weeks. Many aspects of this proposal will be controversial, and more than one of the contributors and advisors listed above may disagree with the solutions chosen in the proposal. It is, however, clear that this proposal would have progressed much slower and been much inferior had it not been for all the help and comments received.
Introduction This proposal contains a set of characters (or variant character forms) for the use of medievalists and to some extent classicists. The aim of the proposal is to establish a coordinated usage of code points in the Private Usea Area, and it particularly aims at coordinating the usage of code points in existing Unicode fonts such as Titus and Junicode with fonts under development. The proposal contains a representative glyph for each character, a categorisation, a recommended entity name, a Unicode code point, and a descriptive name. Glyphs Categories 0. Characters which already are in the Unicode standard. They have been included in the proposal for the sake of information. 1. Characters which should be proposed for inclusion in the Unicode standard (or currently are pending approval). Characters approved by Unicode should subsequently be removed and substituted with a warning sign, preferably the character in question placed within a triangular sign. 2. Precomposed characters which can be encoded with a sequence of Unicode characters, but which can not be displayed easily or properly with existing font technology. Characters in this category should be removed as soon as there is mature smart font technology available. 3. Variant character form (e.g. regional or chronological variants). Characters in this category might be proposed as variants in the Unicode standard. They should be removed as soon as there is mature smart font technology available for handling variant letter forms. 4. Characters that are under review for inclusion in the MUFI proposal. For this reason, space has been reserved for them. 5. Characters already in the Unicode standard which ought to have a separate entity name for semantic reasons, e.g. to distinguish the semicolon used as a punctuation mark from the semicolon used as an abbreviation mark. This category is relevant only for encoding purposes. Entity
names In addition to the ISO entities, a number of entities for characters not designated in this standard is needed. This proposal uses the syntax and inventory recommended in the Menota handbook, ch. 2 and 5, summarised in the table below. Note that not all slots need to be filled in; in most cases only one or two slots are used in addition to the base line character. base
line character main
type variant ligature fixed
modification loose
modification a comb rot lig slash acute Explanation of the entity names. Note that if there is a conflict between the standard ISO entities as of 01.09.2003 and the syntax suggested here ISO entites should be preferred. MUFI code
point Junicode code
point Titus code
point Descriptive
name
A:
Base characters (F100 - F1FF and F200 -
F28F) Base characters are base line characters or combining characters making up a part of a composite character. The allocation of codepoints has been coordinated with characters in the Junicode and Alphabetum fonts. Subranges 1, 2, 3 and 9 are placed in the F200 - F24F section; subranges 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 in the F100 - F1FF section (using already existing Junicode code points wherever possible), and subrange 10 is placed in the F700 - F71F section (using already exisiting Alphabetum code points). Four subranges, 11 - 14, have been reserved for future additions, and the code points F250 - F28F (64 positions) have been set aside for this purpose. MUFI subrange 1: Ligatures Ligatures are two base line characters which are joined so that they form a new, composite base line character. Some consist of two identical characters, e.g. "a+a", others of different characters, e.g. "a+v". In Medieval Nordic manuscripts, ligatures may be used to denote length, "a+a", diphthong, "a+v", or a distinct vowel quality, often mutation (Umlaut), "a+v". Only ligatures which reflect a distinct phonological value should be recognised as characters of their own. - Finally, the broken character "l" representing "ll" should be seen as a ligature of two stems, broken in the middle. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Descriptive
name 1 &AAlig; F200 LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AA 1 &aalig; F201 LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AA 1 &AOlig; F202 LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AO 1 &aolig; F203 LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AO 1 &AUlig; F204 LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AU 1 &aulig; F205 LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AU 1 &AVlig; F206 LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AV 1 &avlig; F207 LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AV 4 &AVligslash; F208 LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AV WITH
STROKE 2 &avligslash; F209 LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AV WITH
STROKE 1 &AYlig; F20A LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AY 1 &aylig; F20B LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AY 1 &lbrk; F20C LATIN
SMALL LETTER BROKEN L Reserved space after this range for additions: F20D to F214 (8 code points).
MUFI subrange 2: Small capitals Small capitals have the same form as majuscules (capital letters), but are usually drawn with the same height as a minuscule (small) letter such as "x". In Medieval Nordic manuscripts, small capitals were used to denote geminates, i.e. long consonants, or they were used ornamentally. The letters "B", "D", "G", "M", "N", "R", "S" and "T" were most frequently used as geminates, while these and other letters might also be used as ornaments in the whole or in parts of highlighted words. Some of the small capitals, e.g. "O" and "C", are difficult to distinguish from minuscule letters. Unicode 4.0 has defined nine small capitals in the IPA Extensions range, sc. "B", "G", "H", "I", "L", "N", "Œ", "R" and "Y", and another 14 small capitals for the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet in the Phonetic Extensions range , "A", "C", "D", "ETH", "E", "J", "K", "M", "O", "P", "T", "U", "V", "W" and "Z". Thus, only a handful of small capitals remain. Of these, only small capital "S" and "F" can appear as geminates. The rest, i.e. "Q", "THORN" and "X" can only appear as small capitals in ornamental usage. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Descriptive
name 1 &fscap; F215 LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL F 4 &qscap; F216 LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL Q 1 &sscap; F217 LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL S 4 &thscap; F218 LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL THORN 4 &xscap; F219 LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL X Reserved space after this range for additions: F21A to F21F (6 code points).
MUFI subrange 3: Enlarged minuscules Enlarged minuscules are recognized as separate characters by some scholars, cf. e.g. Andrea de Leeuw van Weenen (A Grammar of Möðruvallabók, CNWS 85, Leiden 2000). The traditional view has been to interpret these characters as variants of majuscules and encode them as such. It can be argued that this is a functional rather than a graphemic point of view and that it obscures the obvious distinction between e.g. "A" (the majuscule) and "a" (the enlarged minuscule). Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Descriptive
name 3 &aenl; F220 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL A 3 &benl; F221 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL B 4 &cenl; F222 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL C 3 &denl; F223 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL D 3 &duncenl; F224 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER UNCIAL D 4 ðenl; F225 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL ETH 3 &eenl; F226 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL E 3 &fenl; F227 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL F 3 &genl; F228 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL G 3 &henl; F229 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL H 3 &ienl; F22A LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL I 3 &jenl; F22B LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL J 3 &kenl; F22C LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL K 4 &lenl; F22D LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL L 3 &menl; F22E LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL M 3 &nenl; F22F LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL N 4 &oenl; F230 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL O 3 &penl; F231 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL P 3 &qenl; F232 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL Q 3 &renl; F233 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL R 4 &senl; F234 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL S 3 &tenl; F235 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL T 3 &thenl; F236 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL THORN 4 &uenl; F237 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL U 4 &venl; F238 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL V 4 &wenl; F239 LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL W 4 &xenl; F23A LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL X 3 ¥l; F23B LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL Y 4 &zenl; F23C LATIN
ENLARGED LETTER SMALL Z Reserved space after this range for additions: F23D to F23F (3 code points). The usage of the F200 - F28F section continues with subrange 9 below.
MUFI subrange 4: Base line abbreviation characters This range includes those abbreviation signs which typically occupy a position on the base line. Very few abbreviation signs are included in Unicode 4.0. An exception is the sign for "et", which is found in the range General punctuation as TIRONEAN SIGN ET (204A). The Runic characters "f" and "m" are sometimes used as abbreviation marks; they are now included in the Unicode range Runic, as 16AO and 16D8 respectively. Since they are used with their alphabetical names as abbreviation ("fé" and "maðr" respectively), it is not necessary to define them as separate characters. To minimise conflict with Junicode, code points in the section F142 - F163 have been used for subranges 4-8. Space for additional characters in these subranges twill also be allocated to the F100 - F1FF section (see below this table). Red colour: code points in Junicode to be considered for deprecation. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive
name 5 &apo; 0027 APOSTROPHE A sign
similar to the apostrophe was used as an
abbreviation for "i" or "e". Cf. D.A.
Seip, Palæografi: Norge og
Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo
etc. 1954, p. 125. 1 &con9; F156 F156 LATIN
ABBREVIATION SIGN CON 5 &cono; 0254 LATIN
SMALL LETTER OPEN O 5 ✗ 271D LATIN
CROSS 0 &obiit; 03B8 GREEK
SMALL LETTER THETA Cf. D.A.
Seip, Palæografi: Norge og
Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo
etc. 1954, p. 30. 5 &est; 223B F150 LATIN
ABBREVIATION SIGN EST Cf. D.A.
Seip, Palæografi: Norge og
Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo
etc. 1954, p. 82. Note that Junicode has
allocated a separate code point to this
character, but it is recommended to use
the existing character 223B. 4 &ET; F142 F142 TIRONEAN
LARGE SIGN ET Cf. D.A.
Seip, Palæografi: Norge og
Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo
etc. 1954, p. 30 and 81. 0 &et; 204A F143 TIRONEAN
SIGN ET Note
that Junicode has allocated a separate
code point to this character, but it is
recommended to use the existing character
204A. 2 &etbar; F158 TIRONEAN
SIGN ET WITH CROSSBAR Identical
to 03/09 LATIN CONTRACTION ET in
ISO/IEC
JTC 1/SC 2 N
3126. 0 & 0026 AMPERSAND Used in
some Medieval Nordic manuscripts for
"ok". 1 &rum; F154 F154 LATIN
ABBREVIATION SIGN RUM 1 &de; F159 LATIN
ABBREVIATION SIGN DE This
sign looks similar to "eth", but is used
as an abbreviation for "de" and should
therefore have its own code point. Cf.
D.A. Seip, Palæografi: Norge og
Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo
etc. 1954, p. 25, 44 and 60. 1 &is; F15A LATIN
ABBREVIATION SIGN IS Cf.
Johs. Brøndum-Nielsen, ed.,
Palæografi: Danmark og
Sverige (Nordisk kultur 23:A),
Stockholm etc. [1943], p. 32, and
D.A. Seip, Palæografi: Norge og
Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo
etc. 1954, p. 125. Possibly identical to
02/14 LATIN CONTRACTION IS in
ISO/IEC
JTC 1/SC 2 N
3126. 0 &ed; 003B SEMICOLON 1 &etfin; F155 F155 LATIN
ABBREVIATION SIGN FINAL ET Cf. D.A.
Seip, Palæografi: Norge og
Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo
etc. 1954, p. 125. Possibly identical to
03/12 LATIN CONTRACTION UM in
ISO/IEC
JTC 1/SC 2 N
3126. Reserved space for additions to this subrange: F15C - F15F (4 code points) and F1A0 - F1AF (16 code points).
MUFI subrange 5: Modified base line abbreviation characters This range includes a number of abbreviation characters, typically a base line character with a bar across. To minimise conflicts with Junicode, code points in the section F142 - F163 have been used for subranges 4-8. Space for additional characters in these subranges twill also be allocated to the F100 - F1FF section (see below this table). Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive
name 5 &hhook; 0266 LATIN
SMALL LETTER H WITH HOOK (LIGATURE OF H
AND TALL S) 5 &khook; 0199 LATIN
SMALL LETTER K WITH HOOK (LIGATURE OF K
AND TALL S) 1 þhook; F1B0 LATIN
SMALL LETTER THORN WITH HOOK (LIGATURE OF
THORN AND TALL S) Unicode
4.0 has a "p with hook", 01A5, but that
should probably not be used for "thorn".
In many fonts it does not look like a
thorn at all. 1 &hhookbar; F1B1 LATIN
SMALL LETTER H WITH HOOK (LIGATURE OF H
AND TALL S) AND STROKE 1 &khookbar; F1B2 LATIN
SMALL LETTER K WITH HOOK (LIGATURE OF K
AND TALL S) AND STROKE 1 þhookbar; F1B3 LATIN
SMALL LETTER THORN WITH HOOK (LIGATURE OF
THORN AND TALL S) AND
STROKE 1 &kbar; F14B F14B LATIN
SMALL LETTER K WITH STROKE 1 þbar; F149 F149 LATIN
SMALL LETTER THORN WITH
STROKE 1 &stallbar; F14F F14F LATIN
SMALL LETTER TALL S WITH
STROKE 1 &Pbardes; F144 F144 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER P WITH STROKE THROUGH
DESCENDER 1 &pbardes; F145 F145 LATIN
SMALL LETTER P WITH STROKE THROUGH
DESCENDER 1 &qbardes; F14D F14D LATIN
SMALL LETTER Q WITH STROKE THROUGH
DESCENDER 1 &thbardes; E7A0 LATIN
SMALL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE THROUGH
DESCENDER This
character happens to be in the Titus
range. 1 &Pflour; F146 F146 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER P WITH
FLOURISH 1 &pflour; F147 F147 LATIN
SMALL LETTER P WITH
FLOURISH 0 &ubar; 0289 LATIN
SMALL LETTER U BAR The "u"
with a bar across was used in some Late
Medieval Danish manuscripts for /y/. Cf.
Johs. Brøndum-Nielsen, ed.,
Palæografi: Danmark og
Sverige (Nordisk kultur 23:A),
Stockholm etc. [1943], p. 53 and
55. Reserved space for additions to this subrange: F148, F14A, F14C, F14E (4 code points) and F1B4 - F1BF (12 code points).
MUFI subrange 6: Combining abbreviation and diacritical marks This range includes those abbreviation signs which typically occupy a position above, through or below another base line character. Combining diacritical marks are also included in this range. To minimise conflicts with Junicode, code points in the section F142 - F163 have been used for subranges 4-8. Space for additional characters in these subranges twill also be allocated to the F100 - F1FF section (see below this table).
Reserved space for additions to this subrange: F1C6 - F1CF (10 code points).
Subrange 7: Combining superscript characters This range includes superscript characters, typically placed above another base line character. They are found in many early German printed texts, and in a large number of Medieval manuscripts. The position immediately above a base line character distinguishes them from raised interlinear characters typically occupying a position immediately after another base line character. This latter type includes a handful of phonetic modifiers such as a raised "w" indicating rounding, a raised "h" indicating aspiration etc. Unicode 4.0 has a selection of 13 superscript characters, namely "a", "e", "i", "o", "u", "c", "d", "h", "m", "r", "t", "v", "x". They are located at the end of the range Combining diacritical marks, 0363-036F. The characters in the list below are documented in Andrea de Leeuw van Weenen, A Grammar of Möðruvallabók (CNWS 85), Leiden 2000. Since these characters are closely related to subrange 6 (combining abbreviation and diacritical marks) they are placed next to the latter subrange, commencing with F1D0.
Reserved space for additions to this subrange: F1E6 to F1EF (10 code points).
MUFI subrange 8: Punctuation marks This range includes those punctuation marks that are not included in the official Unicode ranges. The common marks, such as full stop, comma, colon, semicolon, question mark, hyphen and solidus, are all found in Unicode 4.0 Basic Latin. The middle dot is included in Latin-1 Supplement, (00B7), and although it is not defined specifically as a punctuation mark in this range, it is probably not necessary to duplicate it in the present range. To minimise conflicts with Junicode, code points in the section F142 - F163 have been used for subranges 4-8. Space for additional characters in these subranges twill also be allocated to the F100 - F1FF section (see below this table). Red colour: code point in Junicode to be considered for deprecation. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive
name 1 &seminv; F160 F160 PUNCTUATION
MARK PUNCTUS ELEVATUS (INVERTED
SEMICOLON) 3 &seminvdiag; F1F0 PUNCTUATION
MARK PUNCTUS ELEVATUS DIAGONAL
STROKE 3 &questcurl; F161 F161 PUNCTUATION
MARK PUNCTUS INTERROGATIVUS 3 &quest8; F1F1 QUESTION
MARK HORIZONTAL 8 FORM Cf. D.A.
Seip, Palæografi: Norge og
Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo
etc. 1954, p. 63. 1 &diacom; F1F2 PUNCTUATION
MARK DIAERESIS ABOVE COMMA * Cf.
Hreinn Benediktsson, Early Icelandic
Script, Reykjavík 1965, p. 95,
and D.A. Seip, Palæografi: Norge
og Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo
etc. 1954, p. 63. Note that the bottom
part should look like a comma, not an
ogonek. 4 &brevdot; F1F3 PUNCTUATION
MARK BREVE ABOVE DOT Cf. D.A.
Seip, Palæografi: Norge og
Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo
etc. 1954, p. 34. 0 &tridotsupw; 2234 THEREFORE 0 &tridotsright; 10FB F162 GEORGIAN
PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR Note
that Junicode has allocated a separate
code point to this character, but it is
recommended to use the existing character
10FB. Reserved space for additions to this subrange: F1F4 to F1FF (12 code points).
MUFI subrange 9: Critical and epigraphical signs Critical signs are used in printed editions, indicating corruptions, deletions, additions etc. The majority of these signs are already in Unicode 4.0, such as the asterisk (002A), the obelus (= dagger, 2020), curly brackets (007B, 007D), square brackets (005B, 005D), single vertical line (007C), double vertical line (2016), and open brackets (= angle brackets, 3008, 3009). Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive
name 1 &whsqbl; F240 LEFT
WHITE SQUARE BRACKET Or
possibly 301A LEFT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET in
CJK
Symbols and
Punctuation
(problematic since this sign typically is
very wide). 1 &whsqbr; F241 RIGHT
WHITE SQUARE BRACKET Or
possibly 301B RIGHT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET
in CJK
Symbols and
Punctuation
(problematic since this sign typically is
very wide). 1 &hsqblu; F242 LEFT
UPPER HALF SQUARE BRACKET Or
possibly 2308 LEFT CEILING in
Miscellaneous
Technical. 1 &hsqbru; F243 RIGHT
UPPER HALF SQUARE BRACKET Or
possibly 2309 RIGHT CEILING in
Miscellaneous
Technical. 4 &hsqbll; F244 LEFT
LOWER HALF SQUARE BRACKET Or
possibly 230A LEFT FLOOR in
Miscellaneous
Technical.
Used in the Scriptorium system to
indicate beginning of reading supplemented
from another source, cf. Michelle P.
Brown, A Guide to Western Historical
Scripts from Antiquity to 1600,
London: The British Library, 1993, p.
6. 4 &hsqbrl; F245 RIGHT
LOWER HALF SQUARE BRACKET Or
possibly 230B RIGHT FLOOR in
Miscellaneous
Technical.
Used in the Scriptorium system to
indicate end of reading supplemented from
another source, cf. Michelle P. Brown,
A Guide to Western Historical Scripts
from Antiquity to 1600, London: The
British Library, 1993, p. 6. 1 &slstlu; F16E F16E LEFT
UPPER SLANTED STROKE 1 &slstru; F16F F16F RIGHT
UPPER SLANTED STROKE 1 &slstll; F246 LEFT
LOWER SLANTED STROKE 1 &slstrl; F247 RIGHT
LOWER SLANTED STROKE Reserved space after this range: F248 to F24F (8 code points).
MUFI subrange 10: Metrical symbols This is the type of symbols used by Eduard Sievers in his Altgermanische metrik (Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1893). They are still frequently used in text books, monographs and articles on Medieval Nordic metrics. Thesaurus Linguae Grecae has recently proposed a set of metrical symbols for Greek. This proposal has been approved by the Unicode Technical Committee, but not yet by ISO-10646.
This proposal includes symbols for the short syllable (breve) and for the combination of a short and long syllable (metrical short over long). The default character (anceps) is identified with MULTIPLICATION SIGN (00D7) in the range Latin-1 Supplement, and the symbol for long syllable (longum) is identified with FIGURE DASH (2012) or EN DASH (2013) in the range General Punctuation. Combinations of anceps, breve, longum and grave or acute accent can presumably be achieved by using COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT (0300) and COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT (0301) in the range Combining Diacritical Marks. However, this does not work well in most applications, so for the time being precomposed characters will be needed. Since Junicode and Alphabetum both have metrical symbols in different locations of the Private Use Area it has not been possible to avoid code point conflict for this range. Since Alphabetum has the largest selection, code points in this font have been chosen, so that metrical symbols will be placed in the F700 - F71F section. Code points marked ALPHA should be assigned by Juan-José Marcos according to the Alphabetum font. Note that metrical symbols may soon be decommissioned following the Unicode Technical Committee approval. Yellow colour: code points in Junicode which might be moved to Alphabetum area (and to be deprecated at a later date). Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive
name 3 &anc; F70A F164 METRICAL
SYMBOL ANCEPS This
symbol is almost identical to the
MULTIPLICATION SIGN (00D7) in the range
Latin-1
Supplement,
but the anceps should be placed slightly
lower, touching the base line and wholly
within the x height of the
font. 2 &ancacute; F70B F165 METRICAL
SYMBOL ANCEPS WITH PRIMARY
STRESS 2 &ancgrave; F70C F166 METRICAL
SYMBOL ANCEPS WITH SECONDARY
STRESS 3 ˘ F701 F16A METRICAL
SYMBOL SHORT SYLLABLE * This
symbol is similar to SPACING BREVE (02D8)
in the range Spacing
Modifying
letters,
but should be positioned much closer to
the base line. 2 &breveacute; F706 F16B METRICAL
SYMBOL SHORT SYLLABLE WITH PRIMARY
STRESS 2 &brevedblac; ALPHA
[F715
?] METRICAL
SYMBOL SHORT SYLLABLE WITH PRIMARY STRESS
AND ALLITERATION [Similar
to F706, but with two stress marks like a
double acute] 2 &brevegrave; F707 F16C METRICAL
SYMBOL SHORT SYLLABLE WITH SECONDARY
STRESS 3 ¯ F700 F167 METRICAL
SYMBOL LONG SYLLABLE This
symbol is similar to FIGURE DASH (2012) or
EN DASH (2013) in the range
General
Punctuation,
but usually positioned closer to the base
line. FIGURE DASH seems to have the same
graphical properties as EN DASH.
2 ¯acute; F704 F168 METRICAL
SYMBOL LONG SYLLABLE WITH PRIMARY
STRESS 2 ¯dblac; ALPHA [F714
?] METRICAL
SYMBOL LONG SYLLABLE WITH PRIMARY STRESS
AND ALLITERATION [Similar
to F704, but with two stress marks like a
double acute] 2 ¯grave; F705 F169 METRICAL
SYMBOL LONG SYLLABLE WITH SECONDARY
STRESS 2 ¯breve; F702 METRICAL
SYMBOL SHORT OR LONG
SYLLABLE 2 ¯breveacute; F708 METRICAL
SYMBOL SHORT OR LONG SYLLABLE WITH PRIMARY
STRESS 2 ¯brevegrave; F709 METRICAL
SYMBOL SHORT OR LONG SYLLABLE WITH
SECONDARY STRESS 2 &dblbrevemacracute; ALPHA
[F716
?] METRICAL
SYMBOL RESOLVED LIFT [From
bottom upwards: two breve symbols, like in
F701, side by side, a horizontal line
immediately over these, and finally a
stress mark like in F704 symmetrically
positioned over this line] 2 &dblbrevemacrdblac; ALPHA
[F717?] METRICAL
SYMBOL RESOLVED LIFT WITH
ALLITERATION [From
bottom upwards: two breve symbols, like in
F701, side by side, a horizontal line
immediately over these, and finally two
parallel stress marks like in F704
symmetrically positioned over this
line] MUFI subranges 11-14 Reserved for future additions: F250 to F28F (64 code points).
B:
Precomposed characters (E000 -
F0FF) Precomposed characters are base line characters with one or more diacritical marks. They have been coordinated with characters in the Titus project and are allocated code points in the E000 - F0FF section of the Private Use Area. Precomposed characters will be decommissioned as soon as mature smart font technology is widely available. Characters marked TITUS will receive code points by the TITUS project.
MUFI subrange 15: Base line characters with macron or overline The overline (bar above) is probably the most used and also the most ambiguous of all abbreviation marks. There are two typical positions of the overline: above the full height of the majuscules and above the x-height of the minuscules. In the latter position it typically crosses the ascender of characters like "b", "d", "h", "k", "l" "þ" and tall "s". If the word has a mixture of characters with and without ascenders, the bar should sometimes be kept in the upper position over all characters. There are two typical lengths of the overline: less than the width of a character, like the macron, or the full width of the character, so that it can extend as a continuous line over several characters. With present font technology, the overline is particularly difficult. With some fonts and operating systems it will change its vertical position depending on the height of each character. Thus, in an abbreviation such as "ihc" for "Iesus", the overline may have one position over "c", a slightly higher position over "i" and an even higher position over "h". This range is intended as a work-around until there is mature smart font technology. It has separate code points for all characters where the overline crosses the ascender, either as a single stroke (macron-length) or as a continuous stroke (overline). Some of these characters are already in the standard, such as "b" with bar across. The font designer should take care to align the overlines on all characters. This range also has two combining overlines, one for minuscules (in the same heigth as the dot over "i") and one for majuscules (in the same height as the accents). Note that these combining overlines should have "hard" positions, so that they will have the same height regardless of the characters below. In this respect, they will differ from 0304 COMBINING MACRON and 0305 COMBINING OVERLINE, which may be displayed with variable heigth due to limitations in present font technology (cf. subrange 12 below). The combining overlines ought to have medium width, suitable for characters like "O" and "o". Finally, the range includes a few precomposed characters for extra narrow and wide characters, such as "i", "j", "l" and "m". Subrange 5 has three characters that would otherwise go into the present subrange, i.e. LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH STROKE (F14B), LATIN SMALL LETTER TALL S WITH STROKE (F14F) and LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE (F149).
Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Descriptive
name 3 ¯fixhi; TITUS COMBINING
FIXED-HEIGHT HIGH MACRON 3 ¯fixmed; TITUS COMBINING
FIXED-HEIGHT MEDIUM-HIGH
MACRON 3 &ovlfixhi; TITUS COMBINING
FIXED-HEIGHT HIGH OVERLINE 3 &ovlfixmed; TITUS COMBINING
FIXED-HEIGHT MEDIUM-HIGH
OVERLINE 0 &bbar; 0180 LATIN
SMALL LETTER B WITH STROKE 2 &bovl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER B WITH FULL-WIDTH
STROKE 0 &dbar; 0111 LATIN
SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE 2 &dovl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER D WITH FULL-WIDTH
STROKE 0 ℏ F127 LATIN
SMALL LETTER H WITH STROKE 2 &hovl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER H WITH FULL-WIDTH
STROKE 2 &kovl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER K WITH FULL-WIDTH
STROKE 2 &lbar; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER L WITH STROKE 2 &lovl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER L WITH FULL-WIDTH
STROKE 2 &stallovl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER TALL S WITH FULL-WIDTH
STROKE 2 þovl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER THORN WITH FULL-WIDTH
STROKE 0 Ī 012A LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON 2 &Iovl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER I WITH
OVERLINE 0 ī 012B LATIN
SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON 2 &iovl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER I WITH
OVERLINE 2 &Jmacr; E154 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER J WITH
MACRON 2 &jovl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER J WITH
OVERLINE 2 &jmacr; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER J WITH MACRON 2 &jovl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER J WITH
OVERLINE 2 &lmacr; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER L WITH MACRON 2 &lovl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER L WITH
OVERLINE 2 &Mmacr; E1B8 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER M WITH
MACRON 2 &Movl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER M WITH
OVERLINE 2 &mmacr; E5CC LATIN
SMALL LETTER M WITH MACRON 2 &movl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER M WITH
OVERLINE
MUFI subrange 16: Precomposed characters with acute accent Unicode 4.0 includes acute over the vowels small and capital "a", "e", "i", "o", "u", "y", "æ", and "ø", and also over the consonants (small and capital form) "c", "g", "k", "l", "m", "n", "p", "r", "s", "w", and "z". The list below contains additional character combinations. Yellow colour: code points in Junicode which might be moved to Titus area (and to be deprecated at a later date). Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive
name 2 &AAligacute;; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AA WITH
ACUTE 2 &aaligacute;; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AA WITH
ACUTE 2 &AOligacute;; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AO WITH
ACUTE 2 &aoligacute;; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AO WITH
ACUTE 2 &AUligacute;; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AU WITH
ACUTE 2 &auligacute;; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AU WITH
ACUTE 2 &AVligacute;; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AV WITH
ACUTE 2 &avligacute;; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AV WITH
ACUTE 2 &Eogonacute; E099 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK AND
ACUTE 2 &eogonacute; E499 LATIN
SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK AND
ACUTE 2 &Jacute; E153 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER J WITH
ACUTE 2 &jacute; E553 LATIN
SMALL LETTER J WITH
ACUTE 2 &Oogonacute; E20C F190 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND
ACUTE 2 &oogonacute; E60C F191 LATIN
SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND
ACUTE 2 Øogonacute; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND OGONEK
AND ACUTE 2 øogonacute; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND OGONEK AND
ACUTE 2 &OOligacute;; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE OO WITH
ACUTE 2 &ooligacute;; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE OO WITH
ACUTE 2 &Vacute; E33A LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER V WITH
ACUTE 2 &vacute; E73A LATIN
SMALL LETTER V WITH
ACUTE
MUFI subrange 17: Precomposed characters with double acute accent Unicode 4.0 includes double acute over the small and capital "o" and "u". The list below contains additional character combinations. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Descriptive
name 2 &Adacute; E025 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &adblac; E425 LATIN
SMALL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &AAligdblac; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AA WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &aaligdblac; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AA WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 Ædblac; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 ædblac; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER AE WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &Edblac; E0D1 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &edblac; E4D1
LATIN
SMALL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &Idblac; E143 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &idblac; E153 LATIN
SMALL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &Jdblac; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER J WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &jdblac; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER J WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &OOligdblac; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE OO WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &ooligdblac; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE OO WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &Vdblac; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER V WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &vdblac; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER V WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &Ydblac; E37C LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &ydblac; E77C LATIN
SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOUBLE
ACUTE 2 &Ydotacute; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE AND
ACUTE 2 &ydotacute; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE AND
ACUTE
MUFI subrange 18: Precomposed characters with dot above Unicode 4.0 includes approx. 40 characters with a dot above in three ranges, Latin Extended-A, Latin Extended-B and Latin Extended Additional, intended for use in several languages, mostly Irish Gaelic (old orthography), and - added in 3.2 - also for Livonian. The precomposed characters are small and capital forms of "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "m", "n", "o", "p", "r", "s", "t", "w", "x", "y", "z", and tall "s" (no capital version). The list below contains additional character combinations. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Descriptive
name 2 &AAligdot; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AA WITH DOT
ABOVE 2 &aaligdot; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AA WITH DOT
ABOVE 2 &AYligdot; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AY WITH DOT
ABOVE 2 &ayligdot; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AY WITH DOT
ABOVE 2 &gscapdot; TITUS LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH DOT
ABOVE 2 &kdot; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER K WITH DOT
ABOVE
= 2 &nscapdot; TITUS LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N WITH DOT
ABOVE 2 &rscapdot; TITUS LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R WITH DOT
ABOVE 2 &sscapdot; TITUS LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL S WITH DOT
ABOVE 2 &tscapdot; TITUS LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL T WITH DOT
ABOVE 2 &Vdot; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER V WITH DOT
ABOVE 2 &vdot; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER V WITH DOT
ABOVE 2 &Vinsdot; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR V (VENTH) WITH DOT
ABOVE 2 &vinsdot; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER INSULAR V (VENTH) WITH DOT
ABOVE
MUFI subrange 19: Precomposed characters with dot below Unicode 4.0 includes no less than 38 characters with a dot below, basically the whole alphabet, "a-z" in the Latin Extended Additional range. The list below contains additional character combinations. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Descriptive
name 2 &AAligdotbl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AA WITH DOT BELOW 2 &aaligdotbl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AA WITH DOT BELOW 2 &AOligdotbl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AO WITH DOT BELOW 2 &aoligdotbl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AO WITH DOT BELOW 2 &AUligdotbl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AU WITH DOT BELOW 2 &auligdotbl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AU WITH DOT BELOW 2 &AVligdotbl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AV WITH DOT BELOW 2 &avligdotbl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AV WITH DOT BELOW 2 &AYligdotbl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AY WITH DOT BELOW 2 &ayligdotbl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AY WITH DOT BELOW 2 &bscapdotbl; TITUS LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL B WITH DOT
BELOW 2 &Cdotbl; E066 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER C WITH DOT BELOW 2 &cdotbl; E466 LATIN
SMALL LETTER C WITH DOT BELOW 2 &dscapdotbl; TITUS LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL D WITH DOT
BELOW 2 Ðdotbl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER ETH WITH DOT BELOW 2 ðdotbl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER ETH WITH DOT BELOW 2 &Eogondotbl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK AND DOT
BELOW 2 &eogondotbl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK AND DOT
BELOW 2 &Fdotbl; E0EE LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER F WITH DOT BELOW 2 &fdotbl; E4EE LATIN
SMALL LETTER F WITH DOT BELOW 2 &Finsdotbl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR
F
+ COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &finsdotbl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER INSULAR F WITH DOT BELOW 2 &Gdotbl; E101 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER F WITH DOT BELOW 2 &gdotbl; E501 LATIN
SMALL LETTER G WITH DOT BELOW 2 &gscapdotbl; TITUS LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH DOT
BELOW 2 &Jdotbl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER J WITH DOT BELOW 2 &jdotbl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER J WITH DOT BELOW 2 &lscapdotbl; TITUS LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L WITH DOT
BELOW 2 &mscapdotbl; TITUS LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL M WITH DOT
BELOW 2 &nscapdotbl; TITUS LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N WITH DOT
BELOW 2 &Oogondotbl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND DOT
BELOW 2 &oogondotbl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND DOT
BELOW 2 &OOligdotbl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE OO WITH DOT BELOW 2 &ooligdotbl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE OO WITH DOT BELOW 2 &Pdotbl; E26D LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER P WITH DOT BELOW 2 &pdotbl; E66D LATIN
SMALL LETTER P WITH DOT BELOW 2 &Qdotbl; E288 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER Q WITH DOT BELOW 2 &qdotbl; E688 LATIN
SMALL LETTER P WITH DOT BELOW 2 &rscapdotbl; TITUS LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R WITH DOT
BELOW 2 &rrotdotbl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER R ROTUNDA WITH DOT BELOW 2 &sscapdotbl; TITUS LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL S WITH DOT
BELOW 2 &stalldotbl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER TALL S WITH DOT BELOW 2 &tscapdotbl; TITUS LATIN
LETTER SMALL CAPITAL S WITH DOT
BELOW 2 Þdotbl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER THORN WITH DOT BELOW 2 þdotbl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER THORN WITH DOT BELOW 2 &Vinsdotbl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR V (VENTH) WITH DOT
BELOW 2 &vinsdotbl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER INSULAR V (VENTH) WITH DOT
BELOW
MUFI subrange 20: Precomposed characters with diaeresis Unicode 4.0 includes double dot (diaeresis) over the small and capital characters "a", "e", "i", "o", "u", "y" in the ranges Latin-1 Supplement (all of these except capital "y") and Latin Extended-A (capital "y"), as well as small and capital "h", "w", "x" and "t" (the latter only small) in the range Latin Extended Additional. The list below contains additional character combinations. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Descriptive
name 2 &AAliguml; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AA WITH
DIAERESIS 2 &aaliguml; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AA WITH
DIAERESIS 2 Æuml; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AE WITH
DIAERESIS 2 æuml; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AE WITH
DIAERESIS
MUFI subrange 21: Precomposed characters with a hook above Unicode 4.0 has a hook above (curl) in combination with small and capital "i" in the Latin Extended Additional range. The list below contains additional character combinations. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Descriptive
name 2 &Acurl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER A WITH
CURL 2 &acurl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER A WITH
CURL 2 &Ecurl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER E WITH
CURL 2 &ecurl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER E WITH
CURL 0 &Icurl; 1EC8 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER I WITH HOOK ABOVE
(CURL) 0 &icurl; 1EC9 LATIN
SMALL LETTER I WITH HOOK ABOVE (CURL) 2 &Jcurl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER J WITH
CURL 2 &jcurl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER J WITH
CURL 2 &Ocurl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER O WITH
CURL 2 &ocurl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER O WITH
CURL 2 Øcurl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND
CURL 2 øcurl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND
CURL 2 &Ucurl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER U WITH
CURL 2 &ucurl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER U WITH
CURL 2 &Ycurl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH
CURL 2 &ycurl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER Y WITH
CURL
MUFI subrange 22: Precomposed characters with ogonek Unicode 4.0 includes small and capital forms of "a ogonek" and "e ogonek" in the range Latin Extended-A (0104, 0105, 0118, 0119), and "o ogonek" in the range Latin Extended-B (01EA, 01EB). The list below contains additional character combinations. The combining ogonek (0328) is part of the range Combining Diacritical Marks.
Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Descriptive
name 2 Æogon; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AE WITH
OGONEK 2 æogon; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AE WITH
OGONEK 2 &Oogoncurl; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND
CURL 2 &oogoncurl; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND
CURL 2 Øogon; TITUS LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND
OGONEK 2 øogon; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND
OGONEK 2 &togon; TITUS LATIN
SMALL LETTER T WITH
OGONEK
MUFI subrange 23: Precomposed characters with breve Unicode 4.0 includes the breve over small and capital "a", "e", "i", "o", and "u", and also over the consonant "g", all in the range Latin Extended-A. The list below contains additional character combinations. Green colour: code points in Junicode which may be allocated by TITUS, even if they are outside the TITUS area (E000 - F0FF). Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive
name 2 Æbreve; TITUS F13C LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AE WITH
BREVE 2 æbreve; TITUS F13D LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AE WITH
BREVE 2 &Ybreve; TITUS F140 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH
BREVE 2 &ybreve; TITUS F141 LATIN
SMALL LETTER Y WITH
BREVE
MUFI subrange 24: Precomposed characters with macron and breve (prev. part of subrange 11) Unicode 4.0 has no precomposed characters with both macron and breve. The list below contains expected character combinations. Green colour: code points in Junicode which may be allocated by TITUS, even if they are outside the TITUS area (E000 - F0FF). Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive
name 2 &Amacrbreve; TITUS F170
(?) LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER A WITH MACRON AND
BREVE 2 &amacrbreve; TITUS F171 LATIN
SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON AND
BREVE 2 Æmacrbreve; TITUS F182
(?) LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AE WITH MACRON AND
BREVE 2 æmacrbreve; TITUS F173 LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AE WITH MACRON AND
BREVE 2 &Emacrbreve; TITUS F174
(?) LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND
BREVE 2 &Emacrbreve; TITUS F175 LATIN
SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND
BREVE 2 &Imacrbreve; TITUS F176
(?) LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON AND
BREVE 2 &imacrbreve; TITUS F177 LATIN
SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON AND
BREVE 2 &Omacrbreve; TITUS F178
(?) LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND
BREVE 2 &omacrbreve; TITUS F179 LATIN
SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND
BREVE 2 &Umacrbreve; TITUS F17A
(?) LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON AND
BREVE 2 &umacrbreve; TITUS F17B LATIN
SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON AND
BREVE 2 &Ymacrbreve; TITUS F17C
(?) LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH MACRON AND
BREVE 2 &ymacrbreve; TITUS F17D LATIN
SMALL LETTER Y WITH MACRON AND
BREVE
MUFI subrange 25: Precomposed characters with macron and acute Unicode 4.0 includes macron and acute over small and capital "e" and "o" in the range Latin Extended Additional (1E16, 1E17, 1E52, 1E53). Note that F185 (= 1E16) and F189 (= 1E52) should be considered for deprecation in Junicode. The list below contains additional character combinations. Green colour: code points in Junicode which may be allocated by TITUS, even if they are outside the TITUS area (E000 - F0FF). Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive
name 2 &Amacracute; TITUS F180
(?) LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER A WITH MACRON AND
ACUTE 2 &amacracute; TITUS F181 LATIN
SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON AND
ACUTE 2 Æmacracute; TITUS F182
(?) LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AE WITH MACRON AND
ACUTE 2 æmacracute; TITUS F183 LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AE WITH MACRON AND
ACUTE 2 &Imacracute; TITUS F186
(?) LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON AND
ACUTE 2 &imacracute; TITUS F187 LATIN
SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON AND
ACUTE 2 &Umacracute; TITUS F18A
(?) LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON AND
ACUTE 2 &umacracute; TITUS F18B LATIN
SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON AND
ACUTE 2 &Ymacracute; TITUS F18C
(?) LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH MACRON AND
ACUTE 2 &ymacracute; TITUS F18D LATIN
SMALL LETTER Y WITH MACRON AND
ACUTE Four subranges, 26 - 29, have been reserved for future additions of precomposed characters.
C:
Variant letter forms (F290 - F2FF and F300
- F3FF) MUFI subrange 30: Nordic This subrange contains commonly recognised variant letter forms in Medieval Nordic manuscripts. Note that the majority of these characters are inherited from Insular and Continental styles, and will thus be relevant for many other European literatures. Variant letter forms may be defined as graphemes, but are normally not characters in the Unicode sense of the word. However, the distinction between characters and character variants is not always clear, and some of the letter forms in the list may prove to be characters according to the strict Unicode criteria. To minimise conflicts with Junicode, code points in this font have been used wherever possible. Additional letter forms have been placed in a new section commencing with F290. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive
name 3 &ains; F290 LATIN
SMALL LETTER INSULAR A This is
the single-storey "a" of the Insular
script, similar in shape to modern italic
"a". 3 &ainsenl; F291 LATIN
ENLARGED SMALL LETTER INSULAR
A This is
the enlarged variant av the single-storey
"a", triangular in shape. Cf. D.A. Seip,
Palæografi: Norge og Island
(Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo etc. 1954, p.
27. 3 &aopen; F292 LATIN
SMALL LETTER A OPEN FORM This is
the traditional "open a" from early
Carolingian script, similar in shape to
"cc". 3 &aclose; F293 LATIN
SMALL LETTER A CLOSED FORM Cf. D.A.
Seip, Palæografi: Norge og
Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo
etc. 1954, p. 70. 3 æhook; F294 LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AE WITH HOOK Cf.
Johs. Brøndum-Nielsen, ed.,
Palæografi: Danmark og
Sverige (Nordisk kultur 23:A),
Stockholm etc. [1943], p.
102. 3 &Olll; F295 LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE AO NECKLESS
3 &olll; F296 LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE AO NECKLESS Theses
two letter forms should be analysed and
designed as the ligature of "a+o" without
the neck of the "a". 1 &dunc; F109 F109 LATIN
LETTER UNCIAL
D
This is
a separate character in Medieval
Welsh. 3 &eunc; F10A F10A LATIN
LETTER UNCIAL E 4 &Fins; F297 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR F 3 &fins; F103 F103 LATIN
SMALL LETTER INSULAR F 3 &finsclose; F298 LATIN
SMALL LETTER INSULAR F CLOSED
FORM 3 &hins; F110 F110 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR H 1 &jdl; F299 LATIN
SMALL LETTER J DOTLESS 1 &kunc; F29A LATIN
LETTER UNCIAL K 3 &kclose; F29B LATIN
SMALL LETTER K CLOSED FORM 3 &munc; F11A F11A LATIN
LETTER UNCIAL M 3 &OOlig; F29C LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE OO 3 &oolig; F29D LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE OO The
"o+o" ligature was introduced by the
Icelander Jón Ólafsson from
Grunnavík in the 18th century. Cf.
Jón Helgason, Jon Olafsson fra
Grunnavik, Copenhagen 1926. 3 &Ourl; F29E LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE OE WITH MISSING BOTTOM
STROKE 3 &ourl; F29F LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE OE WITH MISSING BOTTOM
STROKE These
two letter forms should be analysed and
designed as the ligature of "o+e" without
the bottom (finishing) stroke of the
"e". 1 &rrot; F2A0 LATIN
SMALL LETTER R ROTUNDA 3 &rins; F125 F125 LATIN
SMALL LETTER INSULAR R 0 &rdes; 027C LATIN
SMALL LETTER R WITH LONG LEG 3 &stalldes; F127 F127 LATIN
SMALL LETTER TALL S
DESCENDING This
character extends below the base line,
while the ordinary tall "s" is located on
the base line. 3 &tunc; F129 F129 LATIN
LETTER UNCIAL T 1 &Vins; F2A1 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR V
(VENTH) Partially
similar to 01F7 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER WYNN
in Latin
Extended-B.
Note that the Old Norse variant is open,
resembling the character "Y", and is
translitterated with "v", not with "w"
like in Old English. 1 &vins; F2A2 LATIN
SMALL LETTER INSULAR V
(VENTH) Partially
similar to 01BF LATIN LETTER WYNN in
Latin
Extended-B.
Note that the Old Norse variant is open,
resembling the character "y", and is
translitterated with "v", not with "w"
like in Old English. 3 &YYlig; F2A3 LATIN
CAPITAL LIGATURE YY 3 &yylig; F2A4 LATIN
SMALL LIGATURE YY The
"y+y" ligature was introduced by the
Icelander Jón Ólafsson from
Grunnavík in the 18th century. Cf.
Jón Helgason, Jon Olafsson fra
Grunnavik, Copenhagen 1926. 3 &zbar; F2A5 LATIN
SMALL LETTER Z WITH
CROSSBAR Reserved space after this range: F2A6 to F2C0 (26 code points).
MUFI subrange 31: English This subrange contains commonly recognised variant letter forms in Old and Middle English manuscripts. Note that several of the Insular letter forms have been included in the Nordic section, subrange 30. To minimise conflicts with Junicode, code points in this font has been used wherever possible. Additional letter forms should preferably be placed in vacant slots in the section F100 - F13B, where Junicode has English letter forms. Here, 47 slots are at disposal. Golden colour: code points to be allocated by Peter S. Baker (Junicode). Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive
name 3 &Ainsqu; F13A F13A LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR A SQUARE
FORM 3 &Cinssqu; F106 F106 LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR C SQUARE
FORM 3 &Ginssqu; F10E F10E LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR G SQUARE
FORM 3 &Gins; F10C
(?) F10C
(?) LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR G 3 &gins; F10F F10F LATIN
SMALL LETTER INSULAR G 3 &sins; F126 F126 LATIN
SMALL LETTER INSULAR S F192
(?) F192 SEENET
CHARACTER 1 F193
(?) F193 SEENET
CHARACTER 2 F194
(?) F194 SEENET
CHARACTER 3 F195
(?) F195 SEENET
CHARACTER 4 F196
(?) F196 SEENET
CHARACTER 5 F197
(?) F197 SEENET
CHARACTER 6 F19E
(?) F19E ALTERNATIVE
CEDILLA
MUFI subrange 32: Portuguese To be added in the next version of this proposal. For a preview, please consult The Portuguese Medieval Font Project (PDF file, 45 pages). |
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